![]() Guidelines of how to work with such neurophenomenological mixed methods have been developed under the heading of micro-phenomenology ( Bitbol and Petitmengin, 2017). Philosophical phenomenology was used as the theoretical foundation for framing the mutual constraint and enlightening the two methods. Varela argued that in order for cognitive science to work as a scientific method for studying consciousness, a mutual constraint should exist between first-person (qualitative) and third-person (quantitative) methods in generating, analyzing, and validating both subjective and objective data. One of the few examples of a phenomenological mixed method is called “Neurophenomenology” as developed by Varela in relation to the proposal of naturalizing phenomenology ( Varela, 1996 Varela and Shear, 1999). To work with a phenomenological mixed method is consequently to phenomenologically inform both the qualitative and quantitative data generation, analysis, and interpretation. work, we define mixed-method investigations as “research in which the investigator collects and analyses data, integrates the findings and draws inferences using both qualitative and quantitative approaches” ( Tashakkori and Creswell, 2007, 3). “Mixing” is here used as an umbrella term to refer to the multifaceted procedures of combining, integrating, linking, and employing multiple methods ( Creswell, 2003 Creswell et al., 2003). Despite this effort, there are fewer examples of working with a phenomenological mixed method. How do we investigate consciousness with its manifold nuances and complexities? Philosophers working within the philosophical tradition of phenomenology have, since its inception, tried to answer this methodological question, while breaking up disciplinary frontiers and working in interdisciplinary contexts. To navigate in this landscape, we develop a three-fold structure, focusing on (1) the phenomenological frame, (2) the phenomenologically informed generation of qualitative and quantitative data (tier one), and (3) the phenomenologically informed analysis and interpretation of data (tier two). From both the research inspiration and our own studies, we depict the landscape of possibilities available for those interested in mixing phenomenology with qualitative and quantitative methods, as well as the challenges and common pitfalls that researchers face. We also present three cases of phenomenological mixed methods where we study complex social phenomena and discuss the process of how we conducted the studies. We are inspired by resources coming from research in mixed methods and existing examples of phenomenological mixed-method research. In this article, we discuss what a framework for phenomenological mixed methods could look like and we aim to provide guidance of how to work within such framework. Researchers have argued that in working with a phenomenological mixed method, there should be mutual constraint and enlightenment between the qualitative (first-person, subjective) and quantitative (third-person, objective) methods for studying consciousness. 4RITMO Centre for Interdisciplinary Studies in Rhythm, Time, and Motion, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norwayĭespite a long history of researchers who combine phenomenology with qualitative or quantitative methods, there are only few examples of working with a phenomenological mixed method-a method where phenomenology informs both qualitative and quantitative data generation, analysis, and interpretation.3Department of Sports Science and Biomechanics, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark.1Center for Subjectivity Research, Faculty of Humanities, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.In this design, the qualitative results are used to develop a new instrument or taxonomy for quantitative strand.Kristian Moltke Martiny 1,2 * Juan Toro 1,2 Simon Høffding 3,4 Exploratory sequential design starts with qualitative data collection and analysis and builds to quantitative data collection and analysis, which leads to interpretation. This helps determine what quantitative results need further explanation. Explanatory sequential design starts with quantitative data collection and analysis and then follows up with qualitative data collection and analysis, which leads to interpretation. Areas of convergence or divergence between the qualitative and quantitative results should be discussed. Convergent parallel design consists of taking qualitative and qualitative data collection and analysis and comparing or relating the two and then interpreting them. Three charts showing the basic mixed methods research designs: parallel design, explanatory sequential design, and exploratory sequential design. ![]()
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